TABLE 8-A
Old Testament Predictions of Messiah Fulfilled in the New Testament Prophecy
1. CHRIST’S NATURE
- Eternity (Micah 5:2; Isaiah 9:6-7) John 1:1-3; Colossians 1:16-17
- Deity (Psalm. 110:1 45:6; Isaiah 9:6) John 1:1-3; Colossians 2:9
- Son of God (Psalms 2:7) Matthew 3-17; 16:16
- Son of Man (Genesis 3:15; 12:3; 22:18) Isaiah 11:1; Matthew 16:13
- Human Suffering (Isaiah 53; Psalm. 22) 1 Peter 2:21-24
- Father and Creator (Isaiah 9:6-7) John 1:1-3; Colossians 1:16
2. CHRIST’S BIRTH
a. Genealogy
(1) Seed of Woman (Genesis 3:15) Galatians 4:4
(2) Seed of Abraham (Genesis 22:18) Matthew 1:1
(3) Star from Jacob (Numbers 14:17) Luke 3:23, 34
(4) Ruler of Judah (Genesis 49:10) Luke 3:23, 33
(5) Root of Jesse (Isaiah 11:1) Luke 3:23, 32
(6) Seed of David (Psalms 89:3) Luke 3:23, 31
b. Place of Birth (Micah 5:2) Matthew 2:1-8
c. Time of Birth (Daniel 2:44; 9:25) Mark 1:15; Luke 2:1-3
d. Manner of birth: of a virgin (Isaiah 7:14) Matthew 1:18-25
3. CHRIST’S YOUTH
- Departure from Egypt (Hosea 11:1) Matthew 2:13-15
- Massacre of the innocents (Jeremiah 31:15) Matthew 2:16
- Humble and ignoble rearing (Isaiah 54:2) Matthew 22:23
4. CHRIST’S FORERUNNER
- The voice in the wilderness (Isaiah 40:3) Matthew 3:1-3
- Christ’s messenger (Malachi 3:1) Matthew 11:9-11
- Elijah the prophet (Malachi 5:5) Matthew 17:10-13
5. CHRIST’S ROLES
- Prophet, like Moses (Deuteronomy 18:18-19) Acts 3:21-23
- Priest like Melchizedek (Psalm 110:4) Hebrews 6:20; 7:14-16
- King over the nations (Daniel 7:13-14) Mark 9:1-7; Revelation 17:14
- Shepherd (Ezekiel 34:23-25) John 10:11-30
- Servant (Isaiah 42:1-4; 54:11) Mark 10:24
- Son of Man (Daniel 7:13-14) Matthew 16:13-16
- Sacrifice (Isaiah 54:4-10) John 1:29; Hebrews 9:26
- Counselor (Isaiah 9:6; 11:2) Matthew 11:28-30
I. Judge (Isaiah 11:3-4; Psalm 110:6) John 5:22, 30
j. Redeemer (Isaiah 59:16-20) Matthew 1:23; 20:28
6. CHRIST’S LIFE AND MINISTRY
- Anointed by Holy Spirit (Isaiah 61:1) Luke 3:21-22; 4:16-21
- His miracles (Isaiah 35:5,6; 42:7) Matthew 11:4-6
- His preaching. Mark 1:14-15
- In Galilee (Isaiah 9:1, 2) Matthew 4:12-21
- To the poor and sinful (Isaiah 61:1-3) Luke 4:18; 7:21-50
- In parables (Psalm 78:2) Matthew 13:35
- In wisdom and knowledge (Isaiah 11:2) Matthew 12:42; John 7:46
- With the Spirit of God (Isaiah 11:2) Matthew 12:28
I. His covenant with Gentiles (Isaiah 42:6) Matthew 28:18-20
j. His sinless life (Isaiah 53:9, 11) 1 Peter 2:22-23
7. CHRIST’S REJECTION
- Forsaken by his own. Isaiah 53:2-3 John 1:11-12
- Stumbling block to leaders Luke 19:28-38
(Psalm 118:22; Isaiah 8:14; 28:16) Matthew 21:15-16
- Praised by children (Psalms 8:2) Luke 19:28-38
- Betrayed by a friend (Psalms 41:9) Matthew 21:15-16
- Sold for 30 silver pieces (Zechariah 11:12) John 13:2,11,18-30
- Enters Jerusalem on donkey (Zechariah 9:9) Matthew 26:14-15
- Thrown into Temple (Zechariah 11:13) Mark 14:50
- Money buys potter’s field (Zechariah 11:13) Matthew 26:59-62
I. Forsaken by disciples (Zechariah 13:7) Matthew 26:63
- Accused by false witnesses (Psalms 35:11) Matthew 27:26
- Silent before his accusers (Isaiah 53:7) Matthew 27:27-32
- Whipped and bruised (Isaiah 53:5) Luke 23:20-33
- Mocked (Isaiah 50:6. Psalms 22:7, 8) John 19:33-34
8. CHRIST’S DEATH
- Pierced hands & feet (Psalms 22:16) Matthew 27:32-44
- His side pierced (Zechariah 12:10) John 19:23
- Stared upon (Psalms 22:17) John 19:24
- Garments divided (Psalms 22:18) John 19:28
- One garment taken by lot (Psalms 22:18) Matthew 27:34
- Suffered thirst (Psalms 22:15; 69:21) Matthew 27:45-46
- Gall & vinegar for drink (Psalms 69:21) Matthew 27:39
- Forsaken by God (Isaiah 53:4; Psalms 22:1) Luke 23:46
I. Shaking heads (Psalms 22:7; 109:25) John 19:33, 36
- Spirit committed to God (Psalms 31:5) 1 Peter 2:24-25
- Bones not broken (Psalms 34:20) Romans 5:18,19
- Vicarious death (Isaiah 53:5, 12) Hebrews 7:25; Luke 23:24
- Justifying death (Isaiah 53:11, 12) Matthew 27:57-60
- Intercession in his death (Isaiah 53:12) Matthew 27:26
- Death with wicked (Isaiah 53:9; 57:60) Matthew 27:27-32
9. CHRIST’S RESURRECTION
- Soul not left in Hades (Psalms 16:10) Acts 2:24-32
- Body not to undergo decay (Psalms 16:9, 10) Acts 2:24-32
- Resurrection on third day (Hosea 6:2) 1 Corinthians 15:4
10. CHRIST’S ASCENSION
- Ascension to heaven (Psalms 68:18) Acts 1:9-11
- Seated at God’s right hand (Psalm 110:1) Hebrews 1:3
- Christ’s reign (Psalm. 110:1-3) 1 Corinthians 15:25-27
- His reign over Gentiles (Isaiah 49:6) Matthew 28:18-20
- Gifts to (or, of) men (Psalms 68:18) Ephesians 4:8-10
- Final victory over death (final resurrection) 1 Corinthians 15:25-27
(Psalms 110:1; Isaiah 25:6-9) 1 Corinthians 15:50-57
TABLE 11-A
Thiele’s Chronology of the Divided Kingdom
JUDAH ISRAEL
971/70 B.C. Solomon
931/30 B.C. Rehoboam Jeroboam 931/30 B.C.
913 B.C. Abijah
911/10 B.C. Asa
872/71 B.C. Jehoshaphat Ahab 874/73 B.C.
Ahab’s death 853 B.C.
Jehu 841 B.C.
TABLE 11-B
Biblical Chronologies from Adam to Abraham
Age Begot Son B.C. Date
Genesis Reference |
Biblical
Name
|
Hebrew
|
Greek
|
Hebrew
|
Greek
|
1:26
|
Adam
|
0
|
0
|
w/o Cainan 3955 B.C.
w/ Cainan 4085 B.C.
|
5341 B.C.
|
5:3-5
|
Adam
|
130
|
130
|
3955 B.C.
|
5211 B.C.
|
5:9-11
|
Seth
|
105
|
205
|
3850 B.C.
|
5006 B.C.
|
5:12-14
|
Enosh
|
90
|
190
|
3760 B.C.
|
4816 B.C.
|
5:12-14
|
Kenan
|
70
|
170
|
3690 B.C.
|
4646 B.C.
|
5:15-17
|
Mahalalel
|
65
|
165
|
3625 B.C.
|
4481 B.C.
|
5:18-20
|
Jared
|
162
|
162
|
3463 B.C.
|
4319 B.C.
|
5:21-23
|
Enoch
|
65
|
165
|
3398 B.C.
|
4154 B.C.
|
5:25-27
|
Methusalah
|
187
|
187
|
3211 B.C.
|
3967 B.C.
|
5:28-31
|
Lamech
|
182
|
188
|
3029 B.C.
w/Cainan to Adam
|
3779 B.C.
|
7:11
|
Noah
Flood
|
600
Flood
|
600
Flood
|
2429 B.C. w/cainan
2299 B.C. w/o Cainan
|
3179 B.C.
|
11:10
|
Shem
|
3
|
3
|
2426 B.C. w/cainan
|
3176 B.C.
|
11:12
|
Arphaxhad
|
35
|
135
|
2391 B.C. w/cainan
|
3041 B.C.
|
11:13
|
Cainan
|
(130 LXX)
|
130
|
2261 B.C.
|
2911 B.C.
|
11:14
|
Shelah
|
30
|
130
|
2231 B.C.
|
2781 B.C.
|
11:16
|
Eber
|
34
|
134
|
2197 B.C.
|
2647 B.C.
|
11:18
|
Peleg
|
30
|
130
|
2167 B.C.
|
2517 B.C.
|
11:20-21
|
Reu
|
32
|
132
|
2135 B.C.
|
2385 B.C.
|
11:22
|
Serug
|
30
|
130
|
2105 B.C.
|
2255 B.C.
|
11:24
|
Nahor
|
29
|
179
|
2076 B.C.
|
2076 B.C.
|
11:26-32
12:1-5
|
Terah
Promise to
Abraham
|
130
70
|
130
70
|
1946 B.C.
1876 B.C.
|
1946 B.C.
1876 B.C.
|
TABLE 13-A
LIST OF ANCIENT NATIONS SINCE THE FLOOD (Genesis 10-11)
39 out of 84 = 46% Found in Ancient Documents Outside the Bible
A.R. = Ancient Assyrian records
I. JAPHETH + 7 sons and 7 grandsons : 8 out of 16 = 50%
A. Gomer (Gurumu) – A.R. I.771,788,805; et. al.
- Ashkenaz = Jeremiah 51:27
- Riphath
- Togarmah (Til-garimmu) A.R. II.26,60,290
B. Magog – Ezekiel 38:2
C. Madai (Medes) – A.R. I.581,739,784; et. al.
D. Javan – A.R. II.710
- Elishah – Ezekiel 27:7
- Tarshish – Isaiah 2:26;23:1; Jeremiah 10:9; Jonah 1:3
- Kittim (Kuti) – A.R. I.73,117,125, et. al.
- Rodanim
E. Tubal (Tabal) – A.R. I. 579,580,588,674, et. al.
F. Meshech (Mushki or Muski) A.R. I.221,276, etc.
G. Tiras
II. HAM + 4 sons and 27 grandsons and great-grandson: 17 out of 33 = 52%
HAM: Cited by Thutmose III as a location (Ham) and possibly (Hamath) Thutmose III, ANET, p. 242.
A. Cush (Kush) A.R. II.564,583,753, et. al.
1. Seba (Saba) A.R.I.778;II.440
2. Havilah – Genesis 25:18
3. Sabtah
4. Sabteca
5. Raamah – Ezekiel 27:22
- Sheba – (Saba) A.R. I.778;II.440
- Dedan – Isaiah 21:13; Jeremiah 25:23-24
6. Nimrod – A.R. I.1020
B. Mizraim (Musri) – A.R. I.787,800,815; II.18,54
- Ludites
- Anamites
- Lehabites
- Naphtuhites
- Pathrusites
- Casluhites
- The Philistines (Peleset) Ramses III, “War Against the Peoples of the Sea,” ANET, p. 262.
- Caphtorites – Deut. 2:23
C. Put (Lybia) – Ezekiel 27:10
D. Canaan – Genesis 9:18, 25-27; Kinahi (country of Canaan), Amarna Letters 11,14,50,294
- Sidon (Sidanu-city) A.R. I.302,328,479
- Hittites (Hatti) A.R. I.112,116,164 et. al.
- Jebusites (city of Gebal) A.R. I.518,578
- Amorites (Amurru) – A.R. I.249,444
- Girgashites (Girgira, city) – A.R. I.773
- Hivites
- Arkites (Arku, city), A.R. 772,815
- Sinites (Desert of Sin, Exodus 16:1)
- Arvadites – City: A.R.I.302,306,328,et.al.
- Zemarites – City: Zamri I.453; Zimarra – I.815
- Hamathites – city – A.R.I.563, 568,610, et.al.
III. SONS OF SHEM: 5 sons, 5 grandsons and 26 other descendants: 14 out of 35 = 40%
A. Elam – A.R. I.726,789 and many more.
B. Asshur – Name of Assyria and their chief god throughout the Assyrian records.
C. Arphaxad: successive generations.
1. Shelah (land of Shaalli, A.R. I.790
2. Eber – (land of Ebir-nari, A.R. II.901) = Hebrews (Habiru = Apiru)
a. Peleg (city of Pilagura, A.R.II.690) Father of successive generations:
(1) Reu (land of Rua and tribe of Ruua) A.R. I. 774,7 83, 788, 799
(2) Serug
(3) Nahor (Nairi,land,I.142)
(4) Terah
(5) Abram & his brothers
(6) Nahor and
(7) Haran (Harranu), city A.R. I & II.
b. Joktan (From Mesha (A.R. A.R.581) toward Sephar in East): sons
(1) Almodad
(2) Sheleph
(3) Hazarmaveth
(4) Jerah
(5) Hadoram
(6) Uzal
(7) Diklah
(8) Obal
(9) Abimael
(10) Sheba (Saba) A.R. I.778
(11) Ophir I Kings 9:28; Ps. 45:9
(12) Havilah Genesis 25:18
(13) Jobab
D. Lud Isaiah 66:19; Ezekiel 27:10; 30:5
E. Aram (Arime): Arameans, A.R.366,389,390,391
- Uz (Uzi, person,A.R. II.147);Uze, Uzzi, city, I. 448, 585
- Hul – Hulai A.R. I.444,445; Hulli, I. 802
- Gether
- Meshech (land of Muski, A.R. I. 221, 276)
21 ANCIENT CITIES AND COUNTRIES IN GENESIS 10
(17 out of 21 (81%) Found in Ancient Historical Records Outside the Bible)
SCHOLAR’S DATES
- BABYLON “The Creation Epic,” Tablet VII, ANET, p. 68. c. 1800 B.C.
- ERECH “The Death of Gilgamesh,” ANET, pp. 51-53 c. 1800 B.C.
- AKKAD “Lipit-Ishtar Lawcode,” ANET, pp. 159, 161 c 1800 B.C.
- CALNEH Isaiah 10:9; Amos 6:2 c. 700 B.C.
- SHINAR “Sanhar,” “Asiatic Campaign of Amen-hotep II, ANET, p. 247 c. 1400 B.C.
- ASSYRIA All of the Ancient Records of Assyria c. 1800 B.C. on
- NINEVEH Ancient Records of Assyria – 150 times c.1800 B.C. on
- REHOBOTH IR “Campaign of Seti I,” ANET, p. 253 c.1300 B.C.
- CALAH Ancient Records of Assyria, I.436,437,467, et. al. c.1100 B.C.
- RESEN Ancient Records of Assyria, I.588, 770 c.850 B.C.
- CANAAN Amarna Letters, ANET, p. 484.
- SIDON Tiglath Pileser I, ANET, p. 275 c.1100 B.C.
- GERAR 2 Chronicles13 c.480 B.C.
- GAZA “Asiatic Campaigns of Thutmose III,” ANET, p. 235 c.1450 B.C.
- SODOM The Archives of Ebla, trans. G. Pettinato, Doubleday, 1981, p. 287
- GOMORRAH
- ADMAH
- ZEBOIIM The Archives of Ebla, trans. G. Pettinato, Doubleday, 1981, p. 287. c.2000 B.C.
- LASHA = Laish, Records of Thutmose III, ANET, p. 243.
- MESHA = Mesu?, ANET, p. 281. c.850 B.C.
21 SEPHAR = Sippar, ANET, p. 164. c.1850 B.C.
TABLE 15-A
Biblical Chronology: Abraham to Moses
1876 B.C. Promise to Abraham in Ur at Age 70 — 430 Years Before Exodus; 30 years Before Isaac (Galatians
3:17; Genesis 15:7; Acts 7:1-4)
1871 B.C. Abraham Left Haran at Age 75 — (Genesis 11:31-32; 12:1-4; Acts 7:1-4)
1860 B.C. Birth of Ishmael (Abraham’s age: 86) – (Genesis 16:16)
1846 B.C. Birth of Isaac (Abraham’s age: 100) – (Genesis 21:5)
1786 B.C. Birth of Jacob (Isaac’s age: 60) – (Genesis 25:26)
1656 B.C. Jacob Enters Egypt (Jacob’s age: 130) – (Genesis 47:9)
1665 B.C. Joseph Became Prime Minister of Egypt (9 years before Jacob entered Egypt) (Jacob entered end of
2nd year of famine Genesis 45:11) (Joseph was 30 years old Genesis 41:46)
1585 B.C. Joseph’s Death (Joseph’s Age: 110) – (Genesis 50:26)
1526 B.C. Moses’ Birth (80 years before Exodus, Exodus 7:7)
1446 B.C. Exodus (480 years before Solomon’s 4th year 1 Kings 6:1)
1406 B.C. Conquest of Canaan (40 years after Exodus) – (Joshua 5:6)
966 B.C. Solomon’s 4th Year (480 years after Exodus) – (1 Kings 6:1)
Source: Cambridge Ancient History, II.1.818-19
CAMBRIDGE BRITANNICA
DATES FALL OF 12the Dynasty
th th
B.C. 13 Dynasty 14 Dynasty
1786 – 1756 Capital: Itjtowy (Zoan) Capital: Xois (Western Delta)
31 Kings Reigned for 76 Kings Reigned for
153 Years (average) 184 Years (average)
4.94 Yrs per King 2.4 Yrs per King
1740 – 1710 Neferhotep I 11 Yrs ?
1729 – 1699 Sobkhotpe IV 8 Yrs ?
1721 – 1691 Sobkhotpe V 2 Yrs ?
1719 – 1689 Neferhotep II 2 Yrs ?
1717 – 1687 Sobkhotpe VI 5 Yrs ?
1712 – 1682 Neferhotep III 1 Yr ?
1711 – 1681 Wahibre Yayebi 11 Yrs ?
1700 – 1670 Merneferre IY 24 Yrs ?
1676 – 1646 Merhetepre INI 2 Yrs ?
1674 – 1644 Dudimose I 1 Yr
1674 – 1630 Hyksos Invade Egypt: Establish 15th & 16th Dynasties of Egypt; 13th Dynasty
Driven South to Thebes; 14th Remains at Xois; Four Dynasties Reign over Egypt Simultaneously
th
End 13 through the 17 Dynasties
th
1567 1539
TABLE 15-C
Was Joseph the Vizier of a Hyksos Pharaoh?
Source: Cambridge Ancient History, II.1.818-19
13 Dynasty Itjtowy 1786-1633 B.C.
th
31 Kings Reigned for 153 Yrs Average 4.94 Yrs per King Moved to Thebes 1674 B.C.
14 Dynasty Xois 1786-1603 B.C.
th
76 Kings Reigned for 184 Yrs Average 2.4 Yrs per King
15 Dynasty Avaris 1674-1567 B.C.
th
6 Kings – 107 Yrs 18 Yrs per King
16 Dynasty Memphis 1684-1567
th
8 Kings – 117 Yrs. 15 Yrs per King
17 Dynasty Thebes 1650-1567
th
18 Dynasty Thebes 1567 B.C.
th
Hyksos Driven out of Egypt
18 Dynasty Sole Ruler of Egypt
th
Problem of Dating Moses and the Exodus in the 18th Dynasty
1537 B.C. to 1447 B.C.
B.C. Biblical History |
18th Dynasty History Britannica Dates |
1536 Pharaoh does not know Joseph. Enslaves |
1539 – 1514 B.C. Ahmose |
the Israelites in Delta. Capital in Zoan: |
Drives out Hyksos from Delta. Capital in |
North Egypt. Israelites build Rameses in |
Thebes: South Egypt. Does not build in |
Delta. |
Delta, capital still in South Egypt. |
1526 Moses born: Pharaoh throws infants into |
1514 – 1493 Amenhotep I |
Mile in Delta. Moses raised as Egyptian |
Capital in South Egypt. No construction |
prince. |
in North. Habiru (Hebrews) live in |
|
Canaan in time of Idrimi of Alalakh. |
1516 Moses becomes important official in Egypt. |
|
Israel continues to construct the cities of |
1493 – 1482 Thutmose I |
Rameses and Pithom. Death of Pharaoh of |
Dies 11 year later. |
Oppression. Moses’ uncle becomes king. |
|
|
1479 – 1426 Thutmose III and |
1486 Moses fless to Midian. Pharaoh tries to kill |
1479 – 1458 Hatshepsut |
Moses. Moses’ foster uncle continues to |
Dies 1458 B.C. |
seek Moses’ life and continues to oppress |
Thutmose III continues reign, ‘Apir |
the Israelites. |
(Hebrew) in Joppa. No plagues recorded, prosperity continues, Pharaoh and army |
1456 Moses’ foster uncle dies. Pharaoh of |
continue. |
Exodus reigns and oppresses the Israelites. |
|
|
1426 – 1400 Amenhotep II |
1446 Moses returns: Exodus. Ten plagues, |
Captures 3,600 ‘Apiru (Hebrews) in |
Pharaoh and army destroyed, Mount Sinai, |
Canaan. Archaeology: Canaanite cities |
Wondering in Wilderness. |
do not fall. |
1406 Conquest of Canaan begins. Carbon 14 |
1400 – 1390 Thutmose IV |
confirms date. |
Archaeology: Jericho had no walls to fall. |
|
Archaeology: no newcomers to Canaan. |
13966 Conquest of Canaan complete |
|
19 Dynasty History Contradicts Bible History of Moses’ Life
th
Biblical B.C. Dates |
Britannica B. C. Dates |
1536 |
NEW PHARAOH |
1319 |
HOREMHEB |
|
Hated foreigners |
|
Helped foreigners expelled by Hebrews in |
|
Enslaved Hebrews |
|
Canaan |
|
Built Rameses in Delta |
|
Did not build Rameses |
|
|
|
Palace in N. Egypt |
1526 |
MOSES’ BIRTH |
|
|
|
Palace in N. Egypt |
1292 |
RAMSES I |
|
Moses is general in Egypt’s army |
|
|
|
|
1290 |
SETI I |
1485 |
MOSES’ EXILE |
|
Fights Hebrews in Canaan |
|
Rameses was store city |
|
Palace in Goshen |
|
Built with mud bricks |
|
|
|
Pharaoh tries to kill Moses |
1279 |
RAMSES II |
|
Hebrews in Egypt |
|
Rameses was the capital |
|
|
|
Built with stone |
1450 |
Pharaoh who hates Moses dies |
|
Chief of Asher (Hebrew tribe) lives in |
|
10 Plagues ruin Egypt |
|
Canaan |
|
|
|
Ramses II continues to reign |
1446 |
EXODUS |
|
|
|
Army, king destroyed Israel wanders in desert |
1239 |
Ramses II continues to reign for 26 more years with his army |
1420 |
Israel in the wilderness |
1213 |
MERNEPTAH |
1416 |
For 40 years |
1209 |
Israel is desolate in Canaan |
1406 |
CONQUEST OF CANAAN |
|
|
TABLE 16-A
Principal Sources for this Lesson
- J. R. Baines, Atlas of Ancient Egypt and his articles on “Egypt” in vol. 18 of the 1991 edition of the New Encyclopaedia Britannica.
- 2. James Breasted’s History of Egypt, and his 5-volume work on the Ancient Records of Egypt.
- The 3rd edition of the Cambridge Ancient History.
- William Hayes, 1990 edition of The Scepter of Egypt, 2 volumes.
- Miriam Lichtheim’s, Ancient Literature of Egypt in 3 volumes.
- Petrie’s 3-volumes on History of Egypt.
|
“Biblical History from Joseph to Moses Compared with Twelfth Dynasty History” by Ted Stewart
|
|
|
Manetho’s Chronology + Inscriptions (Over-laps Show Co-reigns)
CAMBRIDGE BRITANNICA BIBLE
B.C. B.C. B.C. |
1991 |
1938
|
Amenemhet I |
0 |
1688
|
Accession Year |
|
|
|
19 |
1668
|
Joseph in Prison |
1971 |
1918
|
Sesostris I |
20 0 |
1667
|
Baker & Butler in Prison |
|
|
|
21 01 |
1666
|
Butler in Palace |
1969 |
1916
|
|
22 0228 08
29 09
30 10 |
1665 1659 1658 1657 |
Joseph 1st Year Vizier
th
7 Year of Abundance
st
1 Year of Famine
nd
2 Year of Famine |
1960 |
1907
|
|
1115 |
1656
1652
|
Jacob Enters Egypt: 130 yrs.
th
7 Year of Famine |
|
|
|
28 |
1639
|
Jacob’s Death: 147 yrs. |
1929 |
1876
|
Amenemhet II |
0 42 |
1625
|
|
|
|
|
4 46 |
1621
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
1620
|
Israelite Prosperity |
1897 |
1844
|
Sesostris II |
35 0 |
1590
|
|
|
|
|
38 3 |
1587
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
1585
|
Joseph’s Death |
|
|
|
30 |
1560
|
Israelite Growth |
1878 |
1836
|
Sesostris III |
0 48 |
1542
|
Slavery of Israel |
|
|
|
7 |
1535
|
Construction of Rameses |
|
|
|
16 |
1526
|
Moses’ Birth |
1844 |
1818
|
Amenemhet III |
45 0 |
1498
|
|
|
|
|
12 |
1486
|
Moses’ Exile to Midian |
|
|
|
|
|
Continued Construction |
1799 |
1770
|
Amenemhet IV |
0 42 |
1456
|
in Goshen |
|
|
|
6 48 |
1450
|
Amenemhet III’s Death |
|
|
|
9 |
1447
|
Others Die; Moses Returns |
1789 |
1760
|
|
10 |
1446
|
Plagues & Exodus |
|
|
th 40 Years of Wandering
13 Dynasty
|
|
1749 |
1720
|
Sekhemre Sobkemsaf I 1406 |
Conquest of Jericho |
|
|
TABLE 19-A
st th
Revisions of Scholars’ Dates from 1 to the 11 Dynasty
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dyn. |
Petrie |
(Number under each date = duration of years of reign)
Hayes Baines
Breasted Cambridge Encyclopedia Britannica |
I |
5546-5292 |
3400 – 3190 |
3100 – 2890 |
2925 – 2775
|
|
|
254 |
c. 215 |
210 |
150
|
|
II |
5292-4991 |
3190 – 2980 |
2890 – 2686 |
2775 – 2650
|
|
|
301 |
c. 205 |
204 |
125
|
|
III |
4991-4777 |
2980 – 2900 |
2686 – 2613 |
2650 – 2575
|
|
|
214 |
80 |
73 |
75
|
|
IV |
4777-449 |
2900 – 2750 |
2613 – 2498 |
2575 – 2465
|
|
|
284 |
150 |
115 |
110
|
|
V |
4493-4275 |
2750 – 2625 |
2494 – 2345 |
2465 – 2325
|
|
|
218 |
125 |
149 |
140
|
|
VI |
4275-4077 |
2625 – 2475 |
2345 – 2181 |
2325 – 2150
|
|
|
198 |
150 |
164 |
144
|
|
VII |
4077-3910 |
2475 – 2445 |
2181 – 2160 |
2150 – 2130
|
|
VIII |
167 |
30 |
21 |
20
|
|
IX |
3910-3807 |
2445 – 2360 |
2160 – 2130 |
2130 – 2080
|
|
|
103 |
c. 100 |
30 |
50
|
|
X |
3807-3733 |
2360 – 2160 |
*2130 – 2040* |
*2080
|
– 1970*
|
|
74 |
c. 200 |
90 |
110
|
|
XI |
3733-3579 |
2160 – 2000 |
*2133 – 1991* |
*2081
|
– 1938*
|
|
154 |
c. 160 |
49 |
32
|
|
Total Years |
1967 |
1400
|
1109
|
|
987
|
* OVER-LAPPING DATES*
TABLE 19-B
Breasted’s Sothic Dating
Breasted’s Sothic Rate (1 Day Every 4 Years)
Egypt did not adjust its 365-Day Calendar for Leap Year once every four years. Thus, Sirius’ annual heliacal rising (just before dawn) shifted one day every four years on Egypt’s 365-day calendar.
Breasted’s Sothic Cycle (1460 Years)
The Amount of Time it Takes for New Year’s Day to Shift 365 Days on Egypt’s 365-Day Calendar and To Coincide with Sirius’ Rising at the Rate of One Day Every Four Years: (365 X 4.0 = 1460).
Breasted’s Sothic Cycles of 1460 Years Each
July 19 July 19 July 19 July 20
4240 1460 2780 1460 1320 1460 140
B.C. Years B.C. Years B.C. Years A.D.
Breasted’s Astronomical Dates of the 12 and 18 Dynasties
th th
Sirius’ Rising on 8-16 of Sesostris III’s 7th year
Sirius’ rising on 8-16 is a 225-day shift from 1-1 on Egypt’s 365-Day Calendar. 225 Days X 4 = 900 years
Sirius rose on 1-1 in 2780 B.C. – 900 years = 1880 B.C.
Sirius’ Rising on 11-9 of Amenhotep I’s 9 Year
th
Sirius rising on 11-9 is a 83-day shift from 8-16 83 X 4 = 332 years
1880 B.C. – 332 years = 1548 B.C.
Revisions of “Astronomical Dates” of the Twelfth to Nineteenth Dynasties
* = Astronomical Dates (Numbers in Parenthesis = duration of years of dynasty)
Parker/hayes Krauss/baines
Dynasty Petrie Breasted Cambridge Britannica Kitchen
(Parker)
XII 3579-3368 B.C. 2000-1788 B.C. 1991-1786 B.C. 1938-1756 B.C. 1979-1801 B.C.
(211 Years) (212 Years) (205 Years) (182 Years) (178 Years)
SESOSTRIS III’S
7 Year*
th 3458 B.C.* 1880 B.C.* 1872 B.C.* 1838 B.C.* 1872 B.C.*
XIII-XVII 3368-1587 B.C. 1788-1580 B.C. 1786-1567 B.C. 1756-1523 B.C. 1801-1550 B.C.
(1781Years) (208Years) (219Years) (233Years) (251Years)
XVIII 1587-1328 B.C. 1580-1350 B.C. 1567-1320 B.C. 1539-1292 B.C. 1550-1295 B.C.
(259Years) (230Years) (247Years) (247Years) (255Years)
AMENHOTEPI
9 Year*
th 1546 B.C.* 1548 B.C.* 1537 B.C.* 1506 B.C.* 1517 B.C.*
THUTMOSEIII
1 Year*
st 1503 B.C.* May3,1501 B.C.*1504 B.C.* 1479 B.C.* 1479 B.C.*
XIX 1328-1202 B.C. 1350-1205 B.C. 1320-1200 B.C. 1292-1190 B.C. 1295-1186 B.C.
(126Years) (145Years) (120Years) (102Years) (109Years)
RAMSESII 1300 B.C. 1292 B.C. 1304 B.C. 1279 B.C. 1279 B.C.
Dates of Sirius’ Heliacal Rising
|
Calculated by Dr. Danny Faulkner; Computer Softwareby Dr. Brad Schaefer
Canopus Heliopolis/Memphisel Lahun Thebes (Luxor) Elephantine Krauss 31° 19’30° 29° 14’25° 42’24° 05’24°
Year |
Greg |
Julian |
Greg
|
Julian |
Greg
|
Julian |
Greg |
Julian |
Greg
|
Julian |
Greg
|
Julian |
-2000 |
6-29 |
37087 |
6-27
|
7-14 |
6-26
|
7-13 |
6-23 |
7-10 |
6-21
|
37079 |
6-21
|
37079 |
-1900 |
6-30 |
37087 |
6-28
|
7-14 |
6-27
|
7-13 |
6-23 |
7-09 |
6-22
|
37079 |
6-22
|
37079 |
-1879 |
6-29 |
7-15 |
6-28
|
7-14 |
6-27
|
7-13 |
6-23 |
7-09 |
6-22
|
7-08 |
6-22
|
7-08 |
-1837 |
6-30 |
7-16 |
6-29
|
7-15 |
6-28
|
7-14 |
6-24 |
7-10 |
6-23
|
7-09 |
6-23
|
7-09 |
-1800 |
6-30 |
7-15 |
6-29
|
7-14 |
6-28
|
7-13 |
6-24 |
7-09 |
6-23
|
7-08 |
6-23
|
7-08 |
-1700 |
7-01 |
7-15 |
6-30
|
7-14 |
6-29
|
7-13 |
6-25 |
7-09 |
6-23
|
37078 |
6-23
|
37078 |
-1600 |
7-02 |
7-16 |
6-30
|
7-14 |
6-29
|
7-13 |
6-26 |
7-10 |
6-24
|
7-08 |
6-24
|
7-08 |
-1545 |
7-03 |
7-17 |
7-01
|
7-15 |
6-30
|
7-14 |
6-27 |
7-11 |
6-25
|
7-09 |
6-25
|
7-09 |
-1505 |
7-02 |
7-16 |
7-01
|
7-15 |
6-30
|
7-14 |
6-27 |
7-11 |
6-25
|
7-09 |
6-25
|
7-09 |
-1500 |
7-02 |
37086 |
7-01
|
7-14 |
6-30
|
7-13 |
6-27 |
7-10 |
6-25
|
37079 |
6-25
|
37079 |
-1400 |
7-03 |
37086 |
7-02
|
7-14 |
7-01
|
7-13 |
6-27 |
37081 |
6-26
|
37080 |
6-26
|
37079 |
-1316 |
7-04 |
7-16 |
|
|
|
|
6-28 |
7-10 |
|
|
|
|
-1300 |
7-04 |
7-15 |
7-03
|
7-14 |
7-02
|
7-13 |
6-28 |
7-09 |
6-27
|
37079 |
6-27
|
37079 |
-1200 |
7-06 |
37088 |
7-04
|
7-15 |
7-04
|
7-15 |
6-30 |
7-11 |
6-29
|
37081 |
6-29
|
37081 |
-1100 |
7-07 |
37088 |
7-05
|
7-15 |
7-04
|
7-14 |
7-01 |
7-11 |
6-29
|
37080 |
6-29
|
37080 |
-1000 |
7-07 |
37087 |
7-06
|
7-15 |
7-05
|
7-14 |
7-02 |
7-11 |
6-30
|
37080 |
6-30
|
37080 |
-969 |
7-07 |
7-16 |
7-06
|
7-15 |
7-05
|
7-14 |
7-01? |
7-10? |
6-30
|
7-09 |
6-30
|
7-09 |
-900 |
7-08 |
7-16 |
7-07
|
7-15 |
7-06
|
7-14 |
7-03 |
7-11 |
7-01
|
7-09 |
7-01
|
7-09 |
-800 |
7-09 |
37088 |
7-08
|
7-16 |
7-07
|
7-15 |
7-03 |
7-11 |
7-02
|
37081 |
7-02
|
37081 |
-700 |
7-10 |
37088 |
7-08
|
7-15 |
7-08
|
7-15 |
7-04 |
7-11 |
7-03
|
37081 |
7-03
|
37081 |
-600 |
7-10 |
37087 |
7-09
|
7-15 |
7-08
|
7-14 |
7-05 |
7-11 |
7-04
|
37081 |
7-04
|
37081 |
-500 |
7-11 |
37087 |
7-10
|
7-15 |
7-09
|
7-14 |
7-06 |
7-11 |
7-04
|
37080 |
7-04
|
37080 |
-400 |
7-12 |
37088 |
7-11
|
7-16 |
7-10
|
7-15 |
7-07 |
7-12 |
7-05
|
37081 |
7-05
|
37081 |
-300 |
7-14 |
7-18 |
7-13
|
7-17 |
7-12
|
7-16 |
7-09 |
7-13 |
7-07
|
7-11 |
7-07
|
7-11 |
-238 |
7-14 |
7-18 |
7-12
|
7-16 |
7-12
|
7-16 |
7-09 |
7-13 |
7-07
|
7-11 |
7-07
|
7-11 |
-200 |
7-15 |
37089 |
7-13
|
7-16 |
7-13
|
7-16 |
7-09 |
7-12 |
7-08
|
7-11 |
7-08
|
7-11 |
-100 |
7-15 |
37088 |
7-14
|
7-16 |
7-14
|
7-16 |
7-10 |
7-12 |
7-09
|
7-11 |
7-09
|
37082 |
0 |
7-16 |
37089 |
7-15
|
7-17 |
7-14
|
7-16 |
7-11 |
37084 |
7-10
|
37083 |
7-10
|
37083 |
300 |
7-17 |
7-18 |
7-16
|
7-17 |
7-15
|
7-16 |
7-12 |
7-13 |
7-11
|
7-12 |
7-11
|
7-12 |
|
7-18 |
7-18 |
7-17
|
7-17 |
7-16
|
7-16 |
7-13 |
7-13 |
7-11
|
7-11 |
7-12
|
7-12 |
300 |
37090 |
37089 |
7-18
|
7-17 |
7-17
|
7-16 |
7-14 |
7-13 |
7-12
|
37082 |
7-12
|
37082 |
Testing of Krauss’ Astronomical Chronology for 12th Dynasty
Sesostris III’s 7 Year in 1830 B.C. Sirius’ Appearance on
th
7-9 (Julian) in 8-16 or 8-17 (Egyptian) in, at the Latitude of Elephantine (24 °)
8-16 8-17
Julian Julian Julian Julian Faulkner Krauss
B.C. Egyptian Days Date Accuracy Days Date Accuracy Invis. Date Invis. Date Accuracy
E S III 7 Sirius 1830 8-16 7-9 7-9
S III 7 1830 7-10 – 36 6-03 -37 6-02
E S III 9 1828 7-10 – 1 6-02 +2 -1 6-01 +1 5-31 -1 5-30
S III 7 1830 2-17 -179 1-11 -180 1-10
F S III 14 1823 2-17 – 2 1-09 +1 -2 1-08 0 1-08 – 1
1-07
S III 7 1830 10-1 +45 8-23 +44 8-22
G S III 18 1819 10-1 – 3 8-20 +2 -3 d 8-19 +1 8-18 ? ?
S III 7 1830 11-16 + 90 10-07 +89 10-06
A A III 3 1815 11-16 – 4 10-03 +3 -4 10-02 +2 9-30 +1
10-1
1830 10-13 +57 9-04 +56 9-03
H A III 9 1809 10-13 -6 8-29 +3 8-28 +2 8-26 ? ?
S III 7 1830 9-08 + 22 7-31 +21 7-30
B A III 29 1789 9-08 – 11 7-20 +3 -11 7-19 +2 7-17 -17-
16
S III 7 1830 10-26 + 70 9-17 +69 9-16
D1 A III 30 1788 10-26 – 11 9-06 +2 -11 9-05 +1 9-4 ?
Month Length Month Length Egyptian
Accuracy
D2 1788 11-25 +29 10-5 +2 +29 10-4 +1 10-3 0 ?
D3 1788 12-25 +30 11-4 +3 +30 11-3 +2 11-1 -1 ?
D4 A III 31 1788 1-19 +29 12-3 +2 +29 12-2 +1 12-1 +1 ?
D5 1787 2-20 +31 1-03 +3 +31 1-02 +2 12-31 -1 -1 1 2 –
30
D6 1787 3-19 +29 2-01 +2 +29 1-31 +1 1-30 +1 ?
D7 1787 4-19 +30 3-03 +3 +30 3-2 +2 2-28 -1 0 2-28
D8 1787 5-18 +29 4-1 +2 +29 3-31 +1 3-30 +1 ?
D9 1787 6-18 +30 5-1 +2 +30 4-30 +1 4-29 0 ?
D10 1787 7-17 +29 5-30 +2 +29 5-29 +1 5-28 0 ?
D11 1787 8-17 +30 6-29 +3 +30 6-28 +2 6-26 -1 ?
D12 1787 9-16 +29 7-28 +2 +29 7-27 +1 7-26 +1 ?
C1 A III 32 1787 2-09 +148 12-23 +3 -11 12-22 +2 12-20 ?
C 2 A III 32 1786 3-08 +29 1-21 +2 +29 1-20 +1 1-19 +1 ?
TOTALS: EXACT 0/20 1/20 3/12 1/6
0% 5% 25% 16.7%
Testing of Krauss’ Astronomical Chronology for 12 Dynasty
th
Sesostris II’s 7th year in 1838 B.C. Sirius Appearance on 7-9 (Julian) 8-16/8-17 (Egyptian) in at the Latitude of Elephantine (24 °) 8-16 8-17
Julian Julian Julian Julian Faulkner Krauss
B.C. Egypt. Days Date Accur. Days Date Accur. Invis. Date Invis. Date
Julian Julian Julian Julian Faulkner: Mon. Krauss
B.C. Egypt. Days Date Accur. Days Date Accur. Invis. Date Leng. M.Date
S II 7 Sirius 1838 8-16 7-9 7-9
S II 7 1838 7-30 – 36 d 6-03 -37 d 6-02
E S III 9 1828 7-10 – 3 d 5-31 0 -3 d 5-30 -1 5-31 5-30
S II 7 1838 2-17 -179 d 1-11 -180 d 1-10
F S III 14 1823 2-17 – 4 d 1-07 -1 -4 d 1-06 -2 1-08 1-07
S II 7 10-1 1838 10-1 +45 d 8-23 +44 d 8-22
G S III 18 1819 10-1 – 5 d 8-18 0 -5 d 8-17 -1 8-18 ?
S II 7 11-16 1838 + 90 d 10-07 + 89 d 10-06
A A III 3 1815 11-16 – 6 d 10-01 +1 -6 d 9-30 0 9-30 10-1
S II 7 10-13 1838 +57 d 9-04 +56 9-03
H A III 9 1809 10-13 -8 d 8-27 +1 -8 d 8-26 0 8-26 ?
S II 7 9-08 1838 + 22 d 7-31 +21 d 7-30
B A III 29 1789 9-08 – 13 7-18 +1 -13 7-17 0 7-17 ?
S II 7 10-26 1838 + 70 d 9-17 +69 d 9-16 Month Length
D1 A III 30 1788 10-26 – 13 d 9-04 0 – 13 d 9-03 0 9-4/3 ?
D2 11-25 1788 +29 d 10-3 0 +29 d 10-2 -1 10-3 0/+1 ?
D3 12-25 1788 +30 d 11-2 +1 +30 d 11-1 0 11-1 -1 ?
D4 A III 31 1-19 1788 +29 d 12-1 0 +29 d 11-30 -1 12-1 +1 ?
D5 2-20 1787 +31 d 1-0 +1 +31 d 12-31 0 12-31 -1 12-30
D6 3-19 1787 +29 d 1-30 0 +29 d 1-29 -1 1-30 +1 ?
D7 4-19 1787 +30 d 3-01 +1 +30 d 2-28 0 2-28 -1 2-28
D8 5-18 1787 +29 d 3-30 0 +29 d 3-29 -1 3-30 +1 ?
D9 6-18 1787 +30 d 4-29 0 +30 d 4-28 -1 4-29 0 ?
D10 7-17 1787 +29 d 5-28 0 +29 d 5-27 -1 5-28 0 ?
D11 8-17 1787 +30 d 6-27 +1 +30 d 6-26 0 6-26 -1 ?
D12 9-16 1787 +29 d 7-26 0 +29 d 7-25 -1 7-26 +1 ?
C1 A III 32 2-09 1787 +148 12-21 +1 -13 d 12-20 0 12-20 ?
C 2 A III 32 3-08 1786 +29 d 1-19 0 +29 1-18 -1 1-19 +1 ?
LUNAR DATES MONTH LENGTH
TOTALS: EXACT 11/20 = 55% 9/20 = 45% 3/12 = 25%
1 Day Off 9/20 = 45% 10/20 = 50%
2 Days Off 0/20 = 0% 1/20 = 5%
Stewart’s Astronomical Chronology for the 12 Dynasty
th
7th Year of Sesostris III = 1535 B.C.
From previous charts |
|
|
30° |
|
INVIS. |
|
|
ASTRO. VIS. |
|
7 S III
|
8-16 |
1535
|
|
7-15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
E 9 S III |
7-10 |
1533
|
|
6-8 |
0 |
6-8/7 |
|
|
6-8/712:30 am |
6-8/9 |
F 14 S III |
2-17 |
1528
|
|
1-15 |
0 |
1-15 |
|
|
1-15 |
1-16 |
G 18 S III |
10-1 |
1524
|
|
8-26 |
0 |
8-26 |
|
|
8-26 |
8-27 |
New Data #1
7 S III
|
11-16 |
1535
|
+90 |
10-13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
A 3 A III |
11-16 |
1495
|
-10 |
10-3 |
-1 |
10-4 |
|
|
10-4 |
10-5 |
7 S III
|
10-13 |
1535
|
+57 |
9-10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
H 9 A III |
10-13 |
1489
|
-12 |
8-29 |
0 |
8-29 |
|
|
8-29 |
8-30 |
7 S III
|
9-8 |
1535
|
+22 |
8-6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
B 29 A III |
9-8 |
1469
|
-17 |
7-20 |
0 |
7-19/20 |
|
|
7-19 |
7-20/21 |
7 S III
|
10-26 |
1535
|
+70 |
9-23 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
D1 30 A III |
10-26 |
1468
|
-17 |
9-6 |
0 |
9-6 |
|
|
9-6 |
9-7 |
D2 |
11-25 |
1468
|
+29 |
10-5 |
0 |
10-5 |
29
|
0 |
10-53 p.m |
10-6 |
D3 |
12-25 |
1468
|
+30 |
11-4 |
0 |
11-4/3 |
30
|
0 |
11-3/4 m.n. |
11-5 |
D4 31 A III |
1-19 |
1468
|
+29 |
12-3 |
0 |
12-3 |
29
|
0 |
12-3 |
12-4 |
D5 |
2-20 |
1467
|
+31 |
1-3 |
+1 |
1-2 |
30
|
-1 |
1-2/3 m.n. |
1-4 |
D6 |
3-19 |
1467
|
+29 |
2-1 |
+1 |
1-31 |
29
|
0 |
1-31 11 p.m. |
2-1 |
D7 |
4-19 |
1467
|
+30 |
3-3 |
+1 |
3-2 |
30
|
0 |
3-2 5 p.m. |
3-3 |
D8 |
5-18 |
1467
|
+29 |
4-1 |
0 |
4-1 |
30
|
+1 |
4-112 noon |
4-2 |
D9 |
6-18 |
1467
|
+30 |
5-1 |
0 |
5-1 |
30
|
-0 |
5-1 12m.n. |
5-2 |
D10 |
7-17 |
1467
|
+29 |
5-30 |
0 |
5-30 |
29
|
-0 |
5-30 |
5-31 |
D11 |
8-17 |
1467
|
+30 |
6-29 |
0 |
6-29 |
30
|
-0 |
6-29 |
6-30 |
D12 |
9-16 |
1467
|
+29 |
7-28 |
0 |
7-28 |
29
|
-0 |
7-28 l a.m. |
7-29 |
C1 32 A III |
2-9 |
1467
|
+148 |
12-23 |
+1 |
12-22 |
|
|
12-22 |
12-23 |
C2 32 A III |
3-8 |
1466
|
+29 |
1-21 |
0 |
1-21 |
30
|
+1 |
1-21 7 p.m. |
1-22 |
MOONDATES = 5/20 = 75% COMPARED TO KRAUSS’ 55%
MONTH LENGTH = 9/12 = 75% COMPARED TO KRAUSS’ 25%
Table19-H
Stewart’s Astronomical Chronology for Egypt’s 12 , 18 and 19 Dynasties
th th th
th
1535 B.C. SESOSTRIS III’S 7 YEAR. Sirius rises 8-16 at Latitude of 30° = July 15, Julian, 1535 B.C.
th
18 Dynasty
th
1183 B.C. AMENHOTEP I’S 9 YEAR. Sirius rises 11-9 at Latitude of 24° = July 10, Julian, 1183 B.C.
th
New Moon Month on 11-9 = July 9, 1183 B.C.
1123 B.C. THUTMOSE III’S 23 YEAR. New Moon Month on 9-21 = May 8, Julian, 1183 B.C.
rd
19 Dynaty
th
854 B.C. RAMSES II’S 52 YEAR. New Moon Month on 6-27 =December 9, 854 B.C.
nd
New Biblical Dates Assigned to Dynasties 12 to 19
|
th
1535 B.C. *= Sesostris III’s 7 yr
th Enslaver of Israel 12 Dynasty
th
1446 B.C. = Amenemhet IV, yr. 9 Exodus: Pharaoh dies 12 Dynasty
1443 B.C. = Sobkhotpe I’s 1 yr
st th th
12 Dynasty Ends 13 Dynasty
th
1406 B.C. = Sobk-hotep V Conquest of Canaan 13 Dynasty
1317 B.C. = Hyksos dynasties begin Period of Judges 15-16 Dynasty
1217 B.C. = Ahmose’s 1 yr
st nd th
2 Half of Judges 18 Dynasty
th
1183 B.C. *= Amenhotep I’s 9 yr
th Deborah the J udge 18 Dynasty
th
1123 B.C. *= Thutmose III’s 23 yr
rd Gideon the Judge 18 Dynasty
th
1050 B.C. = Amenhotep III’s 5 yr
th Saul reigns as King 18 Dynasty
1010 B.C. = Amenhotep IV’s 6 yr
th st th
David’s 1 year 18 Dynasty
st th th
998 B.C. = Smenkhkara’s 1 yr David’s 12 year 18 Dynasty
st th th
993 B.C. = Tutankhamun’s 1 yr David’s 17 year 18 Dynasty
st th th
983 B.C. = Aja’s (Ay’s) 1 yr David’s 27 year 18 Dynasty
st st th
979 B.C. = Zeserk’s 1 yr David’s 31 year 18 Dynasty
th st th
970 B.C. = Zeserk’s 10 yr Solomon’s 1 yr 18 Dynasty
th st th
930 B.C. = Zeserk’s 50 yr Rehoboam’s 1 yr 18 Dynasty
th th th
926 B.C. = Zeserk’s 54 yr Rehoboam’s 5 yr 18 Dynasty
th th th
921 B.C. = Zeserk’s 59 yr Rehoboam’s 10 yr 18 Dynasty
nd th th
920 B.C. = RamsesI’s 2 yr Rehoboam’s 11 yr 19 Dynasty
st th th
919 B.C. = SetiI’s 1 year Rehoboam’s 13 yr. 19 Dynasty
st th th
905 B.C. = Ramses II’s 1 year Asa’s 5 year 19 Dynasty
nd th th
854 B.C. *= Ramses II’s 52 yr Jehoshaphat’s 18 yr 19 Dynasty
TABLE20-B
Newly Assigned Biblical Dates for the Archaeological Ages
Name of Age Abbreviation Scholar’s Dates Biblical Dates
Middle Bronze II B/C MB II B/C 1800-1550 B.C. 1486-1236 B.C.
LATE BRONZEI LBI 1550-1400 B.C. 1236-1050 B.C.
LATE BRONZE II A/B LB II A/B 1400-1200 B.C. 1050-820 B.C.
IRON IA IRON IA 1200-1150 B.C. 820-780 B.C.
IRON IB IRON IB 1150-1000 B.C. 780-740 B.C.
IRON IIA IRON IIA 1000- 925 B.C. 740-710 B.C.
IRON IIB IRON IIB 925- 720 B.C. 710-650 B.C.
IRON IIC IRON IIC 720- 586 B.C. 650-586 BC.
TABLE 21-A
Eclipses of the Sun
DATE YEAR KING YEAR OF NABONASSAR ERA
th
June 15, 763 B.C. – 10 Ashur-Dan III, Assyria
Mar. 19, 721 B.C. – 1 Merodach-baladan II, Babylon
st 1 27
Mar. 8, 720 B.C. – 2 Merodach-baladan II, Babylon
nd 28
Sept. 1, 720 B.C. – 2 Merodach-baladan II, Babylon 28
nd
April 22, 621 B.C. – 5 Nabopolassar, Babylon
th 127
July 4, 568 B.C. – 37 Nebuchadnezzar, Babylon
th 180
July 16, 523 B.C. – 7 Cambyses, Persia
th 225
th
Nov. 19, 502 B.C. – 20 Darius, Persia 246
st
April 25, 491 B.C. – 31 Darius, Persia 257
Source: Edwin Thiele, Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings, p. 229
Parallel Chronology of O.t. History with Assyrian History
C. A. H. = Cambridge Ancient History; Dates of Thiele w/corrections by Ted Stewart*
DATE JUDAH YEAR N. ISRAEL ASSYRIA SCRIPT. or HIST. REF
B.C.
1051/50 Saul Acts 13:21
1012 Ashur-rabi C.A.H. III.1.891
1011/10 David (Ashur-uballit) 2 Sam. 5:5
971/70 Solomon 1 Kings 11:42
934 Ashur-dan II C.A.H. III.1.891
931/30 Rehoboam Jeroboam 1 Kings 14:20-21
913 Abijah 18th year 1 Kings 15:2-3
911 Adad-nirari II C.A.H. III.1.891
911/10 Asa 20th year 1 Kings 15:9-10
910/9 2nd year Nadab 1 Kings 15:25
909/8 3rd year Baasha 1 Kings 15:33
890 Tukulti-Ninurta II C.A.H. III.1.892
886/85 26th year Elah 1 Kings 16:8
885/84 27th year Zimri 1 Kings 16:15
885/84 27th year Omri/Tibni- rival reigns 1 Kings 16:21-23
883 Ashurnasirpal II
880 31st year Omri: sole reign 1 Kings 16:23-28
874/73 38th year Ahab 1 Kings 16:29; 22:40
872/71 Jehoshaphat: Co-reign 1 Kings 22:41
870/69 Jehoshaphat: Sole reign 4th year 1 Kings 15:9-10
858 Shalmaneser III C.A.H. III.1.892
853 Defeats Ahab C.A.H. III.1.261
853 Defeats Hadad C.A.H. III.1.261
Ahab Ben-Hadad 1 Kings 20:1-43
853 17th Ahaziah 1 Kings 22:51
853 Jehoram: Co-reign 2 Kings 1:17
852 2nd year: Jehoram/Joram 2 Kings 1:17
848 Jehoram: sole reign
5th Year 2 Kings 8:1-17
841 Ahaziah 12th Year (non-accession) 2 Kings 8:25
11th Year (accession year) 2 Kings 9:29
841 Jehu 2 Kings 9:29-30
Tribute from Jehu C.A.H. III.1.263
Fights Hazael 2 Kings 10:32-33
Defeats Hazael C.A.H. III.1.262-3
841 Athaliah Ahaziah & Joram killed together 2 Kings 9:14-29
2 Kings 11:1-20
835 Joash 7th Jehu 2 Kings 12:1
823 Shamshi-Adad V C.A.H. III.1.892
814/13 23rd year Jehoahaz 2 Kings 13:1
810 Adad-nirari III C.A.H. III.1.892
798 37th year Jehoash 2 Kings 13:10
796 Amaziah 2nd year 2 Kings 14:1-2
793/92 15th year Jeroboam II (co-reign) 2 Kings 14:23
792/91 Azariah-co-r 27th year 2 Kings 15:1-2
782/81 (Uzziah) Jeroboam II (sole) 2 Kings 13:10
782 Shalmaneser IV C.A.H. III.1.892
772 Asurdan III C.A.H. III.1.892
767 Azariah (Uzziah) – sole reign 2 Kings 14:2
754 Ashur-nirari V C.A.H. III.1.892
753 37th year Zechariah 2 Kings 15:8
752 39th year Shallum 2 Kings 15:13
752 39th year Menahem/Pekah 2 Kings 15:17
750 Azariah/Jotham – co-reign
745 Tiglath-pileser III C.A.H. III.1.893
744 Azariah/Jotham/Ahaz – co-reign* 2 Kings 17:1
Azariah is a leper and does not live in palace 2 Chron. 26:21
743 King Pul conquers Menahem 2 Kings 15:19-20
742 50th year Pekahiah 2 Kings 15:23
740 52nd year Pekah – sole reign 2 Kings 15:27
740 Azariah dies 2 Kings 15:1-2
735 Ahaz’s sole reign (Jotham retires)* 2 Kings 16:1-2
732 Jotham’s 20th yr. Hoshea 2 Kings 15:30
732 Ahaz’s 12th year of co-reign* 2 Kings 17:1
730 Ahaz/Hezekiah co-reign*
3rd year of Hoshea 2 Kings 18:1
726 Shalmaneser V C.A.H. III.1.893
723/22 N. Israel ends Conquers N. Israel
721 Sargon II C.A.H. III.1.893
Carries Israel into captivity
715 Hezekiah’s sole reign (Ahaz’s death) 2 Kings 16:1-2
697 Hezekiah/Manasseh co-reign 2 Kings 21:1
704 Sennacherib
686 Manasseh’s Sole Reign 2 Kings 16:2
Esarhaddon C.A.H. III.1.893
668 Ashurbanipal C.A.H. III.1.893
642 Amon 2 Kings 21:19
640 Josiah 2 Kings 22:1
611 Ashur-uballit II
609 Jehoahaz 2 Kings 23:31
609 Jehoiakim Babylon Conquers 2 Kings 23:34
605 Nebuchadnezzar C. A. H., III.1.893
Conquers Jerusalem
598 Jehoachin 2 Kings 24:8
597 Zedekiah Nebuchadnezzar 2 Kings 24:18
removes Jehoiachin
586 Babylonian Exile 2 Kings 25
561 Amel-Marduk 2 Kings 25:27
559 Neriglissar
556 Labashi-Marduk
555 Nabonidus
545 Nabonidus/Belshazzar Daniel 5
539 Cyrus Daniel 9
538 Jews Released to Return Ezra 1
to Jerusalem
Redating of the 19th Dynasty to Fit Biblical History
KIT.=Kenneth Kitchen’s dates and TED=Ted Stewart’s dates.
|
|
KIT.
|
TED |
KING OF |
|
KING OF |
|
PHARAOH |
YEAR
|
B.C.
|
B.C. |
JUDAH |
YEAR
|
ISRAEL |
YEAR |
Rameses I |
1 |
1295
|
924 |
Rehoboam |
9 |
Jeroboam |
10 |
Seti I |
1 |
1294
|
922 |
|
11 |
|
12 |
Rameses II |
1 |
1279
|
906 |
Asa |
4 |
Baasha |
4 |
|
20 |
1260
|
886 |
|
23 |
Elah |
0/1 |
|
52 |
1228
|
854 |
Jehoshaphat |
17 |
Ahab |
21 |
Merneptah |
1 |
1214
|
839 |
Athaliah |
3 |
Jehu |
3 |
End of Dynasty |
19 |
1186
|
812 |
Joash |
22 |
Jehoahaz |
3 |
TABLE 22-B
New Chronology of Rameses II Fits Chronology of Shalmaneser II & 2 Kings 7:6
Baines’ EgyptianDates B. C. |
|
Stewart’s
Egyptian
Dates B.C. |
1300 |
Rameses II’s 5th Year = Defeated by Muwatallish |
901 |
1284 |
Rameses II’s 21st Year = Signs Treaty with Kattushilish |
885 |
1271 |
Rameses II’s 34th Year = Marries Khattushilish’s Daughter |
872/1B.C. |
1265 |
Rameses II’s 40th Year = Tudkhaliash IV reign begins |
866 |
1258 |
Ramses II’s 47th Year = Shalmaneser III’s 1st Year |
858 |
1253 |
Shalmaneser III conquered Alimush, the city of Sapalulme, the Hittite, who can be identified as Shuppiluliumash II, son of Tudkhaliash IV, a contemporary of Ramses II
rd
Ramses II’s 53 Year = Shalmaneser’s 5th/6th year |
853 |
|
Fights King Ahab in the year of his death (853) |
|
1244 |
Ramses II’s 61st Year = Arnuwandash becomes King |
845 |
1242 |
Ramses II’s 63rd Year = Shalmaneser III’s 17th year |
843 |
|
2 Kings 7:6 says the Hittites and Egyptians had an alliance |
|
1239 |
Ramses II’s 66th Year = Shalmaneser III’s 20th year |
840 |
1238 |
Merneptah’s 1st Year |
839 |
1230 |
Merneptah’s 9th Year = |
830 |
|
King Shuppiluliumash, brother of Arnuwandash |
|
1200 |
Amenmesses’ 3rd year = Shuppiluliumash II dies |
790 |
Apis Burials from Ramses II to Psamtek I
|
|
|
|
|
Time Span
Years
|
Total Years |
Time B.C. TIME |
1. |
Ramses II |
Year 30 |
Dynasty 19 |
|
0 |
876 |
2. |
Ramses II |
(Yr 38?) |
Dynasty 19 |
8? |
8? |
868 |
3. |
Ramses II |
(Yr 46?) |
Dynasty 19 |
8? |
16? |
860 |
4. |
Ramses II |
Year 55 |
Dynasty 19 |
9? |
25 exact |
851 |
5. |
Ramses II |
(Year 67?) |
Dynasty 19 |
12? |
37? |
839 |
6. |
Siptah |
(?) |
Dynasty 19 |
12? |
49? |
827 |
|
|
|
CHAOS |
|
|
|
7. |
Ramses III |
(?) |
Dynasty 20 |
15? |
61 |
812 |
8. |
Ramses VI |
(?) |
Dynasty 20 |
20? |
84 |
792 |
9. |
Ramses IX |
(?) |
Dynasty 20 |
15? |
99 |
777 |
10. |
Ramses XI |
(?) |
Dynasty 20 |
10? |
110 |
767 |
11. |
Ramses XI |
(?) |
Dynasty 20 |
10 |
120 |
757 |
12. |
Ramses XI |
(?) |
Dynasty 20 |
10 |
130 |
747 |
195 YEARS MISSING FROM CONVENTIONAL HISTORY, INCLUDING ALL OF DYNASTY 21 AND THE 1ST 3 KINGS OF THE 22ND DYNASTY
- Takelot I
|
(?) |
Dynasty 22 10 140 |
737 |
- Osorkon II
|
Year 23 |
Dynasty 22 10 150 |
727 |
- Shoshenk III
|
Year 28 |
Dynasty 22 10 160 |
717 |
- Pimay
|
Year 2 |
Dynasty 22 10 179 |
707 |
- Shoshenk V
|
Year 11 |
Dynasty 22 10 194 |
683 |
- Shoshenk V
|
Year 37 |
Dynasty 22 26 220 |
657 |
- Bakenranef
|
Year 6 |
Dynasty 24 = the 37th year of Shoshenk V |
695 |
|
|
(Cambridge Ancient History, III. 1.
|
575).
|
- Taharka
|
Year 4 |
Dynasty 25 |
687 |
- Taharka
|
Year 14 |
Dynasty 25 |
677 |
- Taharka
|
Year 24 |
Dynasty 25 |
667 |
- Psamtek I
|
Year 21 |
Dynasty 26 |
644 |
Tentatively Proposed Reconstruction of Dynasties 19 Through 26 to Fit Biblical History
Using the Bull Burial Dates at an Average of 8 to 12 Years per Bull by Ted Stewart
19TH Dynasty |
|
|
|
RAMSES I, Yr. 1 921
|
|
|
|
SETI I, Yr. 1 919
|
|
|
21ST Dynasty |
RAMSES II, Yr. 1 906
|
|
|
THEBES/TANIS |
Year 30 *876
|
|
|
850 HERITHOR |
Year 38? *868
|
|
|
844 PIANKH |
Year 47? *859
|
|
|
840 PINUDJEMI |
Year 55 *851
|
|
|
839 SMENDES |
Year 67? *839
|
|
|
|
MERNEPTAH, Yr. 2 838
|
|
|
813 AMENEMNISU |
SIPTAH *820
|
|
|
|
TAUSERT 814
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
809 PSUSENNESI |
20 TH Dynasty |
|
|
|
SETNAKHT 812
|
|
|
|
RAMSES III, Yr. 1 **810
|
22ND Dynasty |
|
|
Yr. 11 800
|
800 SHOSHENK I +Yr. 1 |
|
761 AMENEMOPET |
Yr. 16? 795*
|
795* ?*Yr.6 |
|
752 OSORKON, ELDER |
Yr. 28 783*
|
783* ?*Yr. 18 *769 |
25TH Dynasty |
|
RAMSES VI, Yr. 1 *769
|
OSORKON I Yr. 11 |
747 PIANKHY Yr. 1 |
746 SIAMUN |
RAMSES VII, Yr 6 756*
|
756* ?*Yr.24 |
|
736 10th Yr. |
|
|
|
727 PSUSENNES II |
RAMSES IX, Yr. 10**743
|
*743 TAKELOT I Yr.2 |
716 SHABAKA 1 |
713 End of 21st Dynasty |
RAMSES X, Yr. 2 733*
|
733* ?* Yr. 12 |
*707 10 |
|
RAMSES XI, Yr. 4 *723
|
*723 OSORKON II Yr.7 |
*699 SHABATAKA 4 |
|
Yr. 12 *715
|
*715 |
|
|
Yr. 20 707*
|
Y
|
|
|
Yr. 28 *699
|
r
|
687* TAHARKA *Yr. 4 |
26TH Dynasty |
End of 20th Dynasty 695
|
.
|
677* *Yr 14 |
672 NECHOI |
|
1
|
667* *Yr. 24 |
664 PSAMTEK I Yr. 1 |
23RD Dynasty |
5
|
664 TANTAMANI Yr. 1 |
|
PEDUBASTI 672
|
707* *Yr. 23 |
656 End of 25th Dynasty |
|
|
*699 TAKELOT II Yr. 7 |
|
644* *Yr.21 |
IUPUT I 658
|
|
|
|
SHOSHENK IV 647
|
|
|
|
|
688 (25th Dynasty) Yr. 19* |
24 THDynasty |
|
|
677 SHOSHENK III 4* |
607 TEFNAKHT |
610 NECHO II |
OSORKON III 621
|
667 (25th Dynasty) Yr. 14* |
|
|
|
|
595* BAKENRANEF 6 |
595 PSAMTEK II |
TAKELOT III 608
|
653* *Yr. 28 |
|
589 APRIES |
RUDAMUN 601
|
644* (26th Dynasty) Yr. 36 |
581 End of Dynasty |
|
IUPUT II 598
|
628
|
|
570 APRIES DIES |
|
Yr . 52
|
|
NEBUCHADNEZZAR |
SHOSHENK VI1 574
|
624* PIMAY 2 |
|
CONQUERS EGYPT |
End of 23rd Dyn . 570
|
619 SHOSHENK V 1 |
|
AMASIS |
NEBUCHADNEZZAR |
610* Yr.11 |
|
|
CONQUERS EGYPT |
|
|
|
|
595 (24th Dyn) Yr. 26* |
|
526 PSAMTEK III |
|
584* Yr.37 |
|
525 PERSIA |
|
583 OSORKON IV Yr. 2 |
|
CAMBYSES |
|
570 Yr.15 |
|
CONQUERS EGYPT |
|
NEBUCHADNEZZAR |
|
|
|
CONQUERS EGYPT |
|
|
.